dc.contributor.advisor | Castellanos Tache, German Darío | |
dc.contributor.author | Detemmerman, Thomas | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-11-15T17:55:18Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-11-15T17:55:18Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2728 | |
dc.description.abstract | Society relies more than ever on the availability of wireless networks. Due to the mobility of a UAV, a UAV-aided network is able to provide this necessary access in case the existing terrestrial
network gets damaged. Therefore, each UAV will be equipped with a femtocell base station. However, the public is concerned about the potential health effects of the electromagnetic radiation caused by these networks. Therefore, mobile devices and base stations have to comply to strict legislation enforced by the government. This research investigates how different scenarios influence power consumption, electromagnetic exposure and specific absorption rate. These different scenarios are defined by various flying heights, number of UAVs available and population sizes. Further, the proper microstrip patch antenna is defined and attached to the UAV. The antenna will be responsible for the communication between the UAV and the users it covers. Its performance is compared to an equivalent isotropic radiator. Thereafter, the network will be optimized towards goals like electromagnetic exposure of the average user or power consumption of the entire network; which results in conflicting requirements. To accomplish this goal, the capacity based deployment tool of the WAVES research group at Ghent University will be extended so it would be able to calculate electromagnetic exposure. Further, the tool now also provides support to optimize the networks towards electromagnetic exposure or power consumption. It looks from the results that the microstrip patch antenna with an aperture angle of 90° is a suitable starting point for an antenna. This directional antenna focusses electromagnetic radiation where it is needed. Unwanted sideways radiation is therefore reduced by design. The sufficiently large aperture angle covers enough users. The antenna is recommended to be deployed in a power consumption optimized network since less drones are required and therefore iv also less expensive. The optimal flying height for the city centre of Ghent is believed to be situated at 80 metres since lower flying heights require much more UAVs and higher flying heights have a negative influence on the electromagnetic exposure. When this configuration is applied to a network with 224 users, the average user will experience a SAR of around 0.2 µW/kg and a downlink electromagnetic exposure of 114 mV /m. The network will require on average 96 UAVs with a total power consumption of 69.5 W, which is 7.24 W per UAV. | eng |
dc.description.abstract | De hedendaagse samenleving vertrouwt meer dan ooit op de aanwezigheid van draadloze netwerken. Dankzij de mobiliteit van drones kan een drone-gestuurd netwerk de nodige mobiele data
voorzien indien het bestaande netwerk beschadigd is. Elke drone wordt daarom uitgerust met een femtocell base station. Er is echter een groeiende vrees voor mogelijke gezondheidseffecten
veroorzaakt door deze mobiele netwerken. De overheid stelt strikte wetgevingen op waaraan deze mobiele netwerken dienen te voldoen.
Dit onderzoek bekijkt hoe verschillende scenario’s het energieverbruik, elektromagnetische blootstelling en specifieke absorptietempo kunnen beïnvloeden. Drie verschillende scenario’s zijn gedefinieerd waarbij verschillende vlieghoogtes, aantal drones en populatiegroottes onderzocht worden. Verder is er ook een microstrip patch antenne gedefinieerd en bevestigd op een drone. De antenne zal de communicatie tussen de drone en de gebruikers verzorgen. De performantie van deze antenne zal vergeleken worden met een isotrope antenne. Vervolgens zal het netwerk geoptimaliseerd worden naar elektromagnetische straling van het individu of naar het energieverbruik van het gehele netwerk. Deze twee doelstellingen resulteren in tegenstrijdige vereisten. Om dit doel te bereiken is de capacity based deployment tool van de onderzoeksgroep WAVES
op de Universiteit Gent verder uitgebreid zodoende dat elektromagnetische straling berekend kan worden. Verder is de tool nu ook in staat om te optimaliseren naar elektromagnetische
straling of energieverbruik. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat een microstrip patch antenne met een openingshoek van 90° een geschikt startpunt is voor een antenne. Deze directionele antenne focust de elektromagnetische straling daar waar het nodig is. Ongewenste zijwaartse straling wordt gereduceerd door het design. Het wordt aangeraden om de antenne toe te passen in een netwerk dat energieverbruik minimaliseert omdat hierbij minder drones nodig zijn en daardoor goedkoper is. De optimale vlieghoogte voor het stadscentrum in Gent bevindt zich rond 80 meter. Lagere vlieghoogtes
vereisen veel meer drones terwijl hogere vlieghoogtes de elektromagnetische straling laten toenemen. Wanneer deze configuratie toegepast wordt op een netwerk met 224 gebruikers zal de gewogen gemiddelde gebruiker een SAR ondervinden van 0.2 µW/kg en een downlink elektromagnetische straling van 114 mV /m. Het netwerk zal hiervoor gemiddeld 96 drones vereisen met een totaal energieverbruik van 69.5 W. Dat is 7.24 W per drone. (Neerlandés) | deu |
dc.description.abstract | La sociedad depende más que nunca de la disponibilidad de redes inalámbricas. Debido a la movilidad de los UAV, una red asistida por UAV puede proporcionar este acceso necesario en caso de que la red terrestre existente resulte dañada. Por ello, cada UAV estará equipado con una estación base femtocelular. Sin embargo, la población está preocupada por los posibles efectos sobre la salud de la radiación electromagnética causada por estas redes. Por ello, los dispositivos móviles y las estaciones base tienen que deben cumplir una estricta legislación gubernamental. Esta investigación estudia cómo influyen distintos escenarios en el consumo de energía, la exposición electromagnética y la tasa de absorción específica.
Estos distintos escenarios se definen en función de las distintas alturas de vuelo, el número de UAV disponibles y el tamaño de la población. También se define la antena de parche microstrip adecuada y se fija al UAV. La antena
será responsable de la comunicación entre el UAV y los usuarios que cubre. Su rendimiento se compara con el de un radiador isotrópico equivalente. A partir de ahí, la red se optimizará en función de objetivos como la exposición electromagnética del usuario medio o el consumo de energía de toda la red, lo que da lugar a requisitos contradictorios. Para lograr este objetivo, se ampliará la herramienta de despliegue basada en la capacidad del grupo de investigación WAVES de la Universidad de Gante para que pueda calcular la exposición electromagnética. Además, la herramienta ahora también ofrece soporte para optimizar las redes en función de la exposición electromagnética o el consumo de energía. De los resultados se desprende que la antena de parche microstrip con un ángulo de apertura de 90° es un punto de partida adecuado para una antena. Esta antena direccional concentra la radiación electromagnética donde se necesita. Por tanto, la radiación lateral no deseada se reduce por diseño. El ángulo de apertura suficientemente grande cubre suficientes usuarios. Se recomienda desplegar la antena en una red de consumo energético optimizado, ya que se necesitan menos vehículos aéreos no tripulados y, por tanto, también son menos costosos. Se cree que la altura de vuelo óptima para el centro de la ciudad de Gante está situada a 80 metros, ya que alturas de vuelo inferiores requieren muchos más UAV y alturas de vuelo superiores tienen una influencia negativa en la exposición electromagnética. Cuando esta configuración se aplica a una red con 224 usuarios, el usuario medio experimentará un SAR de alrededor de 0,2 µW/kg y una exposición electromagnética de enlace descendente de 114 mV /m. La red necesitará una media de 96 vehículos aéreos no tripulados con un consumo total de energía de 69,5 W, es decir, 7,24 W por vehículo aéreo no tripulado. | spa |
dc.format.extent | 130 páginas | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | eng | spa |
dc.language.iso | deu | spa |
dc.publisher | Ghent University | spa |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | spa |
dc.source | https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog?q=Thomas+Detemmerman | spa |
dc.title | Evaluating Human Electromagnetic Exposure in a UAV-aided Network | eng |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
oaire.accessrights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | spa |
oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | spa |
dc.contributor.researchgroup | Grupo de Investigación Ecitrónica | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Informática | spa |
dc.identifier.url | https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog?q=Thomas+Detemmerman | |
dc.publisher.faculty | Master of Science in Industrial Sciences: Computer Science | spa |
dc.publisher.place | Bélgica | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Informática | spa |
dc.relation.indexed | N/A | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | spa |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Deployment tool | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Electromagnetic exposure | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | LTE Microstrip patch antenna | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Power consumption | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Radiation pattern | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Specific absorption rate (SAR) | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | UAV | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Unmanned aerial base stations Wireless access network | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | Emergency network | eng |
dc.subject.proposal | LTE | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Elektromagnetische blootstelling | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Energieverbruik | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Drone | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Femtocell | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Microstrip patch antenne | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Stralingspatronen | deu |
dc.subject.proposal | Specifiek absorptietempo (SAT) | deu |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |