Estado del arte en Colombia del diseño estructural para condiciones de incendio bajo el reglamento colombiana de construcciones sismo resistentes – NSR10, antecedentes y precedentes

Abstract

In view of the great importance that has been taken for the Colombian economy the construction of civil works, the latter becoming as one of its main engines of development and then of the great events and tragedies by earthquake disasters at the global level, the Colombian regulations governing the structural design was modified and updated from the Colombian Standards of Design and Construction of Earthquake Resistant - NSR98 (in force since the year of 1998 until 2010), the Colombian regulation of Building Earthquake Resistant NSR-10, in force since July 2010. This update and change of norms, applied as a law of the Republic bringing important changes of substance and form in the design and construction of civil works in the national territory, especially in buildings. Among the main changes brought by the implementation of the new regulation NSR10, was the increase in the structural safety that should provide the buildings and which should be planned from the very beginning of the designs both architectural and structural, for then to be applied in the construction of the same. The most notable changes brought by the implementation of the new regulation NSR10, were reflected in the titles F (metal structures) and J (fire protection requirements in buildings), in relation to the structural design for fire conditions, integrated theme especially for steel structures (given their vulnerability to this action). In the practice of structural design in Colombia, this design is novel, because its purpose basically lies in the fact that the structure may not be the cause of the loss of human lives to collapse before the action of fire.

Entre los principales cambios que trajo la aplicación del nuevo reglamento NSR10, se encuentra el incremento en la seguridad estructural que deben proporcionar las edificaciones y la cual debería ser prevista desde el mismo inicio de los diseños tanto arquitectónicos como estructurales, para luego ser aplicada en la construcción de las mismas. Los cambios más notables que trajo la aplicación del nuevo reglamento NSR10, se plasmaron en los títulos F (estructuras metálicas) y J (requisitos de protección contra incendios en edificaciones), en lo referente al diseño estructural para condiciones de fuego, tema integrado en especial para estructuras de acero (dada su vulnerabilidad ante esta acción). En la práctica del diseño estructural en Colombia, este diseño es novedoso, pues su finalidad básicamente radica en que la estructura no puede ser causante de pérdidas de vidas humanas al colapsar ante la acción del fuego.