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Evaluating Human Electromagnetic Exposure in a UAV-aided Network

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Detemmerman, Thomas
Abstract (Spanish)
La sociedad depende más que nunca de la disponibilidad de redes inalámbricas. Debido a la movilidad de los UAV, una red asistida por UAV puede proporcionar este acceso necesario en caso de que la red terrestre existente resulte dañada. Por ello, cada UAV estará equipado con una estación base femtocelular. Sin embargo, la población está preocupada por los posibles efectos sobre la salud de la radiación electromagnética causada por estas redes. Por ello, los dispositivos móviles y las estaciones base tienen que deben cumplir una estricta legislación gubernamental. Esta investigación estudia cómo influyen distintos escenarios en el consumo de energía, la exposición electromagnética y la tasa de absorción específica. Estos distintos escenarios se definen en función de las distintas alturas de vuelo, el número de UAV disponibles y el tamaño de la población. También se define la antena de parche microstrip adecuada y se fija al UAV. La antena será responsable de la comunicación entre el UAV y los usuarios que cubre. Su rendimiento se compara con el de un radiador isotrópico equivalente. A partir de ahí, la red se optimizará en función de objetivos como la exposición electromagnética del usuario medio o el consumo de energía de toda la red, lo que da lugar a requisitos contradictorios. Para lograr este objetivo, se ampliará la herramienta de despliegue basada en la capacidad del grupo de investigación WAVES de la Universidad de Gante para que pueda calcular la exposición electromagnética. Además, la herramienta ahora también ofrece soporte para optimizar las redes en función de la exposición electromagnética o el consumo de energía. De los resultados se desprende que la antena de parche microstrip con un ángulo de apertura de 90° es un punto de partida adecuado para una antena. Esta antena direccional concentra la radiación electromagnética donde se necesita. Por tanto, la radiación lateral no deseada se reduce por diseño. El ángulo de apertura suficientemente grande cubre suficientes usuarios. Se recomienda desplegar la antena en una red de consumo energético optimizado, ya que se necesitan menos vehículos aéreos no tripulados y, por tanto, también son menos costosos. Se cree que la altura de vuelo óptima para el centro de la ciudad de Gante está situada a 80 metros, ya que alturas de vuelo inferiores requieren muchos más UAV y alturas de vuelo superiores tienen una influencia negativa en la exposición electromagnética. Cuando esta configuración se aplica a una red con 224 usuarios, el usuario medio experimentará un SAR de alrededor de 0,2 µW/kg y una exposición electromagnética de enlace descendente de 114 mV /m. La red necesitará una media de 96 vehículos aéreos no tripulados con un consumo total de energía de 69,5 W, es decir, 7,24 W por vehículo aéreo no tripulado.
Abstract (English)
Society relies more than ever on the availability of wireless networks. Due to the mobility of a UAV, a UAV-aided network is able to provide this necessary access in case the existing terrestrial network gets damaged. Therefore, each UAV will be equipped with a femtocell base station. However, the public is concerned about the potential health effects of the electromagnetic radiation caused by these networks. Therefore, mobile devices and base stations have to comply to strict legislation enforced by the government. This research investigates how different scenarios influence power consumption, electromagnetic exposure and specific absorption rate. These different scenarios are defined by various flying heights, number of UAVs available and population sizes. Further, the proper microstrip patch antenna is defined and attached to the UAV. The antenna will be responsible for the communication between the UAV and the users it covers. Its performance is compared to an equivalent isotropic radiator. Thereafter, the network will be optimized towards goals like electromagnetic exposure of the average user or power consumption of the entire network; which results in conflicting requirements. To accomplish this goal, the capacity based deployment tool of the WAVES research group at Ghent University will be extended so it would be able to calculate electromagnetic exposure. Further, the tool now also provides support to optimize the networks towards electromagnetic exposure or power consumption. It looks from the results that the microstrip patch antenna with an aperture angle of 90° is a suitable starting point for an antenna. This directional antenna focusses electromagnetic radiation where it is needed. Unwanted sideways radiation is therefore reduced by design. The sufficiently large aperture angle covers enough users. The antenna is recommended to be deployed in a power consumption optimized network since less drones are required and therefore iv also less expensive. The optimal flying height for the city centre of Ghent is believed to be situated at 80 metres since lower flying heights require much more UAVs and higher flying heights have a negative influence on the electromagnetic exposure. When this configuration is applied to a network with 224 users, the average user will experience a SAR of around 0.2 µW/kg and a downlink electromagnetic exposure of 114 mV /m. The network will require on average 96 UAVs with a total power consumption of 69.5 W, which is 7.24 W per UAV.
Director

Advisors/Directors

Castellanos Tache, German Darío
Extent
130 páginas
URI: https://repositorio.escuelaing.edu.co/handle/001/2728
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AB - Ecitrónica
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